Fig. 10.

A Schematic illustrating the process for biomimetic fabrication of icariin-loaded nano hydroxyapatite reinforced bioactive porous scaffolds for bone regeneration. The accompanying table provides a detailed delineation of the component values within each respective sample; B SEM images at magnifications of 500×, 2000×, and 5000×; C μ-CT images of the front and top scanning of SD rats calvaria bone defects; D Giemsa and AO/EB staining of osteoblasts cultured with leaching liquors of S0, S1, S2, S3, and I-S1, I-S2, I-S3 scaffolds. AO/EB staining at 100× magnification for 1, 3, 5, and 7 days using an AO/EB staining kit. Osteoblasts cultured with DMEM/F-12 media with 10% FBS and 1% P/S served as the control group; E HE staining; F Masson's trichrome staining; G immunohistological staining of specific bone marker (Col, OCN, VEGF) analysis of SD rats calvaria bone defects at magnifications of 40× and 400× after 8 W and 12 W implantation of three different scaffolds: S0, S3, I-S3 scaffolds, and non-treated (control). The arrowheads indicate the boundary between nascent bone and host bone, and the FT, NB respectively indicate the fibrous tissue and nascent bone. All images are reprinted with permission from [166]