A Metabolic Biofuel Cell: Conversion of Human Leukocyte Metabolic Activity to Electrical Currents

Table 1 Cyclic voltammetry studies of white blood cells.

Reference	Cells	Working electrode	E_p	I_p	Electroactive species
Nakamura et al. (1991) [23]	Human leucocytes	Basal plane pyrolytic graphite	0.33 V and 0.68 V (leucocytes) and 0.68 V (erythrocytes)	0.36-0.58 μA per 10⁶ cells for E_p = 0.33 V	Serotonin (0.29-0.34 V) CoA (0.65-0.74 V for microorganisms)
Matsunaga et al. (1989) [24]	Rat basophilic leukemia cells (RBL-1) and mouse lymphocytes	Basal plane pyrolytic graphite	0.34 V and 0.68 V (RBL-1) 0.65 V (mouse lymphocytes)	0.76 μA per 10⁵ cells for E_p = 0.34 V	Serotonin (0.29-0.34 V) CoA (0.65-0.74 V for microorganisms)
Ci et al. (1998) [27]	White rabbit leukocytes and erythrocytes	Graphite	0.32 V (leukocytes) 0.73 V (erythrocytes)	1 μA per 10⁵ cells for E_p = 0.32 V	Membrane-bound proteins?

All measurements were made in PBS with a saturated calomel electrode (SCE) as the reference electrode.

ISSN: 1754-1611