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Table 2 Literature review of ocular siRNA nanocarrier delivery

From: Strategies for ocular siRNA delivery: Potential and limitations of non-viral nanocarriers

Target

Carrier

Disease

Model

Delivery method

Results

Implications for ocular diseases

Reference

IκB kinase beta (IKKβ)

Cationic nano-copolymers CS-g-(PEI-b-mPEG)

Glaucoma filtration surgery

Rhesus monkey

Subconjunctival injection

Marked reduction in subconjuctival scarring with siRNA treatment in monkeys with trabeculectomy; higher blebs with siRNA compared to PBS treatment; less fibrosis and less destruction of local tissue in siRNA-treated eyes

Improved surgical outcome in glaucoma filtration surgery (less scarring)

[34]

IκB kinase beta (IKKβ)

Cationic nano-copolymers CS-g-(PEI-b-mPEG)

Glaucoma filtration surgery

Human

In vitro transfection

Downregulation of IKKβ at the mRNA and protein levels; nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibited in human Tenon’s capsule fibroblasts

Decreased scar formation following glaucoma filtration surgery

[33]

VEGFR1

PEGylated liposome- protamine- hyaluronic acid nanoparticles (PEG-LPH-NP)

Choroidal neo-vascularization

Human RPE cells (ARPE19) and rats

Intravitreal injection

Reduced laser-induced CNV area in rats by PEG-LPH-NP-S nanoparticles (anti-VEGFR1 siRNA) compared with naked siRNA and PEG-LPH-NP (negative siRNA); downregulated VEGFR1 expression in human RPE cells with siRNA compared to naked siRNA and control group; no significant retinal toxicity

Delivery of siRNA to decrease CNV with low toxicity

[36]

Non-specific commercial siRNA

Transit- TKO transfection reagent

Healthy mice

Mouse

Intravitreal injection

Combination of siRNA with Transit - TKO transfection reagent penetrated through the inner limiting membrane into the retina and accumulated in ganglion cell layer

Uniform delivery to retinal through intravitreal injections of siRNA using commercial reagents

[94]