Dual effects of single-walled carbon nanotubes coupled with near-infrared radiation on Bacillus anthracis spores: inactivates spores and stimulates the germination of surviving spores

Table 1 Fold changes of gene expression after different treatments on B. anthracis Sterne spores

	Gene	Control	SWCNTs-NIR 5 min		SWCNTs-NIR 25 min
	Gene	ΔCt^*	ΔCt	Fold change^**	ΔCt	Fold change
Germination related genes	gerLA	20.50 ± 0.84	20.31 ± 0.96	1.14	19.45 ± 0.71	2.07
	gerLB	22.61 ± 1.04	22.60 ± 0.99	1.01	21.54 ± 0.42	2.11
	gerYA	19.80 ± 0.78	20.58 ± 0.27	0.58	20.83 ± 0.30	0.49
	gerN	21.74 ± 1.32	19.51 ± 0.91	4.68	21.31 ± 0.33	1.35
	gerHC	20.84 ± 1.14	20.64 ± 0.54	1.14	20.61 ± 1.01	1.17
	gerKB	21.27 ± 1.12	20.50 ± 0.92	1.71	23.17 ± 3.60	0.26
Regulatory genes	atxA	22.48 ± 0.39	23.36 ± 0.47	0.54	23.64 ± 0.66	0.45
	pagR	21.85 ± 0.18	23.15 ± 0.46	0.41	22.61 ± 0.82	0.59
	GBAA1941	22.36 ± 0.30	20.75 ± 0.80	3.05	21.39 ± 0.14	1.96
Virulence related genes	cya	21.91 ± 0.15	23.02 ± 0.13	0.46	23.79 ± 0.41	0.27
	lef	22.74 ± 0.33	23.38 ± 0.14	0.64	24.74 ± 0.18	0.25
	pagA	21.45 ± 0.52	22.35 ± 0.24	0.54	23.07 ± 0.34	0.33
	GBAA5564	22.59 ± 0.34	22.14 ± 0.17	1.37	22.75 ± 0.22	0.89
	GBAA0797	22.62 ± 0.13	22.83 ± 0.20	0.86	22.63 ± 0.30	0.99
	purF	23.51 ± 0.74	24.92 ± 0.19	0.37	23.23 ± 0.23	1.21
	srtB	23.78 ± 0.06	26.13 ± 0.89	0.2	24.30 ± 0.10	0.7

*The ΔCt value (Ct, threshold cycle) of each tested gene was a relative expression level compared to the value of housekeeping gene 16S rRNA. The ΔCt values are expressed as the average of three replicates ± standard deviation.
**The fold change is determined as 2^-ΔΔCt.

ISSN: 1754-1611