Table 1 Classification of electrospun nanofiber-mediated gene delivery approaches

• Sustained and controlled viral release for 30 days.

• Localized gene expression from electrospun scaffolds.

• Gene expression by the released DNA 48 h after seeding

• Burst release of majority of encapsulated plasmid DNA within 30 minutes.

• Sustained release over 21 days

• ~40% decrease in proliferation of breast cancer cells compared with control scaffold

• Extended release of pDNA and transgene expression over 60 days.

• Sustained viral release for 7 days.

• Maintained transgene expression (>90%) on the scaffolds for 7 days.

• Sustained release for 45 ~ 55 days

• DNA/chitosan nanoparticles encapsulated electrospun scaffolds as a favorable DNA delivery device with regard to cell transfection efficiency and cell viability

• Transgene expression on DNA-incorporating electrospun scaffolds 24 h after seeding.

• Sustained release for 7 days.

• Prolonged in vitro gene silencing duration by 2 ~ 3-fold.

• In vivo gene silencing for 4 weeks.

• Controlled release time from 6 days to 25 days by internal structures and porogens.

• 10-fold increased gene expression on the scaffolds compared to simple pDNA/PELA blends.

• Sustained release for 4 weeks

• Significantly higher vessel densities

• Sustained release for 26 days

• 4 ~ 6-fold increased bFGF expression compared with post-electrospinning delivery after 7 day incubation

• Significantly higher wound recovery rate compared with post-electrospinning delivery

• Sustained and controlled delivery for 30 days.

• Prolonged in vitro gene silencing duration by 3 ~ 4-fold compared to the bolus delivery.

• Sustained release of siRNA for 28 days.

• Gene silencing on scaffolds in presence of additional transfection agents.

• Enhanced gene silencing capability with additional transfection agents in the media.

• Sustained release of siRNA and gene silencing on the scaffolds for at least 28 days.

• Improved gene silencing capability with transfection agents supplemented in the media.

• Release profile controlled by degrading rates of fibers.

• 10-fold increases in functional integrity of released pDNA compared to mixed mesh.

• Sustained release for 4 weeks

• Significantly higher densities of blood vessels and mature vessels

• Three-dimensional and uniaxially aligned transgene expression

• 4-fold enhanced transgene expression levels compared to 2D electrospun scaffolds.

• Transgene expression by the released DNA from the fibers (maximum transfection efficiency > 90%).

• Retained gene expression on the fibers for 5 days after seeding.

• 2-fold increased gene delivery efficiency of electrospun fibers over that of flat films.

• 10-fold increase in gene expression intensity compared to PCL fibers in vivo.

• MMP-2 responsive release of DNA

• Significantly enhanced gene expression in wound tissue compared to naked DNA delivery

• Sustained expression for 7 days

• 65% smaller epithelial gap in KGF scaffold treated wounds than in untreated wounds

• MMP-2 responsive release of DNA

• Approximately 2-fold increased wound closure compared with non-treated wounds

• Controlled gradients of pDNA concentration and gene expression level by spatially regulating rates of chemical reactions.

• Patterned and localized gene vectors and gene expression on the scaffolds.

• 2-fold increase in transfection efficiency compared with unmodified virus delivery.

• Long-term gene expression for 21 days

• Improved osteogenic differentiation of stem cells

• Down-regulated TSP-2 mRNA expression

• Different bone healing performance depending on the loading methods

• Improved bone healing for DNA/chitosan nanoparticles adsorbed electrospun scaffolds at 4 weeks of treatment

• MMP-2 responsive release of DNA

• Faster wound recovery rate compared with siRNA solution delivery

• Enhanced transfection efficiency compared to bolus delivery

• Successful expression of the VEGF gene in the cells

• Enhanced neural marker expression and neuronal differentiation