Fig. 5

Empirical dynamics of the two component vaccine in absence of the lethal virus. Three replicates are shown (a)–(c), conducted at different times but all attempting to repeat the same initial conditions. All replicates have several properties in common. (i) There is an increase in cells infected with helper-only from undetectable at time 0 to an abundance exceeding all other types of infections at 3hr (the limit of detection is the dashed line at 10³). (ii) Cells infected with vaccine-only (pgT) increase most substantially in the first hour, then about 10-fold in the next 2 h; much of the latter could be explained by cell growth, but the first-hour growth must be from infection. (iii) Doubly-infected cells increase slowly in the first hour but 100-fold in the next 2 h for two of the trials. A 100-fold increase is too high to be explained by cell growth and thus must be partly from infection. There are also obvious differences among replicates. (iv) The doubly-infected cell density at 3 h is usually around 10⁷ despite a 10-fold variation in the inoculum. Open symbols, which lie at the limit of detection, indicate that no bacteria were detected. Colored dashed lines indicate that the true slope is undetermined because at least the early time point is unknown