Fig. 3

Nanoparticle-driven optical tools for the detection of DNA methylation derivatives (a) (i) Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and (ii) Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). SERS usually occurs on plasmonic nanostructures and dramatically enhances Raman scattering of adsorbed molecules. SERS efficiency is directly related to not only proximal distance among the particles shown here but also size, shape etc. LSPR that describes maximal optical absorption at the plasmon resonant frequency of nanoparticles can be distinguishably changed in the form of cluster formation of nanoparticles. b An illustration of quantification of subcellular 5caC (in the context of intact nucleus and single chromosome) with the help of local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) properties of nanoprobes (nanoparticles conjugated antibody). The figs. on the left represent Hyperspectral dark-field imaging (HSDFI) of 5caC distribution, while the corresponding figs. on the right demonstrate reconstructed spectral maps of 5caC (scale bar = 5 μm) Reprinted with permission from [65] Copyright (2015) American Chemical Society