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Fig. 6 | Journal of Biological Engineering

Fig. 6

From: Insights into the mechanism of a novel shockwave-assisted needle-free drug delivery device driven by in situ-generated oxyhydrogen mixture which provides efficient protection against mycobacterial infections

Fig. 6

Molecular mechanism of immune response to shockwave mediated vaccine delivery. a–d Cytokine levels namely IL-8, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, measured by ELISA post vaccination in the serum. e, g Actual photographs showing the isolation of skin from the site of injection and isolation of superficial lymph nodes for RNA isolation and qRT PCR analysis of various markers for activation of immune response. f Normalized fold expression of various genes CD207, CD14, TGF-ß and MHC-II from the site of injection. h Normalized fold expression of genes CD4, CD8, CD19, MHC-II and IFN-γ from the lymph nodes of vaccinated and control animals. The markers are seen to be upregulated in the vaccine delivered using the device

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Journal of Biological Engineering

ISSN: 1754-1611