Table 1 Some current commercially available bio-engineered skin substitutes

Epidermal Substitutes

Bioseed^®

Fibrin sealant

Allogeneic

Keratinocytes (cultured)

Autologous

Wound treatment

Yes

[158, 159]

Laserskin^®

Benzyl-esterified Hyaluronan derivative

Recombinant

Keratinocytes / Fibroblasts (cultured)

Autologous/

Allogeneic

Regeneration and skin resurfacing for Burn wounds & Chronic full thickness ulcers

Yes

[161, 165, 167]

MySkin™

Silicone layer

Synthetic

Keratinocytes (cultured)

Autologous

Neuropathic, pressure & Diabetic foot ulcers

Yes

[11, 184]

Dermal/Epidermal Substitutes

Apligraf^®

Type I Collagen

Bovine

Keratinocytes and fibroblasts (cultured)

Allogeneic

Partial & Full thickness burns, chronic wounds, Leg & Foot ulcers

No

[6, 11, 101, 120]

OrCel™

Type I Collagen sponge

Bovine

Keratinocytes and fibroblasts (cultured)

Allogeneic

Healing of autograft donor sites, Reconstruction of recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa

No

[6, 11, 101]

EZ Derm^®

Aldehyde-cross linked Collagen

Porcine

Dressing for partial thickness burns

No

[11, 120, 145]

PolyActive

Polyethylene oxide terephthalate & Polybutylene terephthalate (PEO/PBT)

Synthetic

Keratinocytes and fibroblasts (cultured)

Autologous

Dressing for partial thickness wounds

No

[11, 183]

GammaGraft™

Cryopreserved Collagen

Cadaveric & Allogeneic

Skin graft for burns,

chronic wounds

No

[100]

MyDerm™

Fibrin

Autologous

Keratinocytes and fibroblasts (cultured)

Autologous

Coverage of full thickness skin loss

Yes

[116] [152, 157]

Dermal Substitutes

Integra®

Type I Collagen & Chondroitin-6- Sulfate

Bovine

Partial and full thickness wound, burns, Chronic ulcers

No (Semi)

[6, 11, 101, 120, 121]

PriMatrix^®

Type I and III Collagen

Bovine

Coverage of complex wounds

Yes

[99, 126, 127]

Alloderm^®

Lyophilized Collagen

Cadaveric & Allogeneic

Resurfacing of full thickness burn wounds & Wound cover

Yes

[100, 101, 120]

Oasis^®

Type I, III and V Collagen

Porcine

Wound covering

Yes

[6, 99, 120]

GraftJacket^®

Cryopreserved Collagen

Cadaveric & Allogeneic

Various wound repair

Yes

[100]

Permacol^®

Collagen and Elastin

Porcine

Skin dressing

Yes

[99, 121]

MatriDerm^®

Type I Collagen & Elastin

Bovine

Regeneration of full thickness burn & chronic wounds

Yes

[6, 99]

Trancyte^®

Type I Collagen, Nylon mesh, Silicon film

Porcine & Synthetic

Neonatal fibroblasts (cultured)

Allogeneic

Wound dressing for partial thickness burns

Yes

[11, 121, 144]

Biobrane^®

Type I Collagen, Nylon filament, Silicon film

Porcine & Synthetic

Regeneration & Wound dressing for Partial & Full thickness wounds and Chronic ulcers

Yes

[6, 144, 230]

Dermagraft^®

Polyglycolic acid/Poly(lactic acid) (PGA/PLA) & ECM

Synthetic & Allogeneic

Neonatal fibroblasts (cultured)

Allogeneic

Covering for Burns & Chronic wounds & Chronic diabetic foot ulcers

Yes

[6, 11, 127, 182]

Hyalograft 3D

Hyaluronan

Allogeneic

Fibroblasts (cultured)

Autologous

Deep burns & Foot ulcer treatment

Yes

[11, 169]

Hyalomatrix^®

Hyaluronan (HYAFF) on silicone layer

Allogeneic & Synthetic

Wound regeneration in deep burns & chronic wounds

No (Semi)

[6, 11, 164]

TissueMend™

Collagen

Allogeneic

Tissue remodeling for tendon and ligament repair

Yes

[128, 129]