Fig. 4From: Engineering and monitoring cellular barrier modelsTransepithelial electrical measurement techniques. a Original diagram representation of the Ussing chamber in 1951. Reproduced by permissions of John Wiley and Sons [70]. b Detailed parts of the Ussing chamber. c Schematic representation of chopstick-like electrodes for use with standard Transwell inserts. d Electric Cell Substrate Impedance Sensing system. In this technology, cells are cultured on a surface that contains a small gold electrode (working electrode) and a large counter electrodeBack to article page