Fig. 4

Dynamic spatial culture bioreactor with native-like microenvironment for in vitro tissue modeling and regeneration. The bioreactor is temperature, air, nutrient and cell supply controllable according to cell types and the nature of tissues. Specific tissue cells seeded on native ECM-mimicking porous scaffold prepared from biopolymers, native ECM proteins or decellularized ECM are cultured dynamically with constant rotation of the culture vessel to distribute gas and nutrient evenly under adjustable pneumatic pressure. Depending on the types of tissues to be cultured, the scaffold can be submerged in culture medium, suspended from the bottom, or as an air-liquid cultural design (part of the scaffold is exposed in the air over the media solution). Cultural media should be optimized for co-cultures of different types of cells