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Table 1 Summary of in vitro dormancy models classified by cancer/cell type and mode of dormancy induction with associated metrics used to determine dormancy status

From: Engineered In Vitro Models of Tumor Dormancy and Reactivation

Cancer/Cell Type

Mode of Dormancy Induction

Metrics Analyzed

Breast Cancer

- MDA-MB-231 [43, 59, 82, 88, 91, 93, 96, 98, 106, 116, 118,119,120, 127, 128, 132, 135,136,137, 156, 179]

- MDA-MB-231BRMS1 [139]

- MCF-7 [43, 44, 59, 82, 89, 93, 98, 118, 128, 132, 134,135,136,137, 139, 176]

- T47D [95, 121, 133, 135, 138, 177, 179, 181]

- MDA-MB-435 [58, 176]

- MDA-MB-468 [133]

- MDA-MB-453 [58]

- ZR-75-1 [58]

- SUM149 [58]

- SUM159 [58, 148]

- BT474 [58]

- D2.0R [162, 163, 196]

- 4T1 [176]

ECM-Induced

- Matrix Stiffness/Physical Confinement [87,88,89,90, 92]

- Matrix Composition/ Architecture [92, 97, 105]

- Integrin Engagement [135, 137, 138, 162, 163, 196]

Cell Signaling-Induced

- Endothelial Cells [42, 58, 81, 105, 119]

- Hepatocytes/NPCs [81, 105, 119]

- MSCs [42, 58, 117, 122, 179]

- Fibroblasts [42, 58, 120]

- Osteoblasts [58, 139]

- Exosomes/EVs [121, 122]

Biochemical-Induced

- Hypoxia [128, 129, 133]

- FGF-2 [135,136,137,138, 140, 181]

- Thrombospondin [42]

Drug-Induced

- Doxorubicin [81, 148]

- Docetaxel [148]

- Carboplatin [95]

- Proliferation [42, 58, 81, 87, 88, 95, 105, 117, 119, 129, 148, 163, 172]

- Cell Cycle Analysis [95, 117, 120, 121, 179]

- Metabolic Activity [88, 89, 95, 119, 133]

- Viability [87,88,89,90, 95, 120, 181]

- Morphology [43, 91, 93, 98, 119, 127, 138, 139, 162, 177, 196]

- Gene/Protein Expression [42, 81, 95, 105, 117, 119, 120, 133, 135,136,137,138, 140, 162, 172, 196]

- Invasion/Motility [42, 87, 95, 97]

- Chemoresistance [89, 128, 172, 177]

- Stem Cell Expression [95, 117, 122]

Prostate Cancer

- PC-3 [117, 118, 120, 176]

- DU145 [148, 176, 177]

- C4-2B [128]

- LnCAP [88]

ECM-Induced

- Matrix Stiffness/Physical Confinement [88]

Cell Signaling-Induced

- Prostate Stromal Cells [120]

- Endothelial Cells [118]

- MSCs [117, 118]

Biochemical-Induced

- Hypoxia [128]

Drug-Induced

- Docetaxel [148]

- Proliferation [118, 148]

- Metabolic Activity [88]

- Morphology [117, 118, 128]

- Chemoresistance [176, 177]

Lung cancer

- A549 [94, 117, 178]

- PC-9 [157]

- H1975 [104]

ECM-Induced

- Physical confinement [94]

- Mechanical forces [104]

Cell Signaling-Induced

- MSCs [117]

- Proliferation [104]

- Cell Cycle Analysis [94]

- Morphology [94, 104, 117]

- Gene/Protein Expression [94, 104, 157, 178]

- Invasion/Motility [94, 104]

- Chemoresistance [94, 104, 157, 178]

Colorectal/Colon Cancer

- DLD-1 [177]

- LoVo [147]

- HCT-116 [89, 128, 147]

- Primary colon cancer cells [147, 177]

ECM-Induced

- Matrix Stiffness/Physical Confinement [89]

Biochemical-Induced

- Hypoxia [128]

- EGF [147]

Drug-Induced

- 5-FU [147]

- Proliferation [147]

- Metabolic Activity [89, 128]

- Viability [89, 177]

- Morphology [89, 128]

- Chemoresistance [89, 128, 177]

Pancreatic Cancer

- PANC-1 [117]

- Capan-1 [176]

- CFPAC [89]

ECM-Induced

- Matrix Stiffness/Physical Confinement [89]

Cell Signaling-Induced

- MSCs [117]

- Proliferation [89]

- Metabolic Activity [89]

- Viability [89]

- Morphology [89, 117]

- Chemoresistance [89, 176]

Other Cancers

- Bladder Cancer (T24, UMUC-3, J82) [120, 176]

- Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC-71) [128]

- Osteosarcoma (U2OS, MG63, Saos-2) [58, 128]

- Gastric Cancer (AGS) [176]

- Glioblastoma (U251) [176]

- Ovarian Cancer (OVCAR-5) [88]

ECM-Induced

- Matrix Stiffness/Physical Confinement [88, 128]

Cell Signaling-Induced

- Endothelial Cells [58]

- MSCs [58]

- Osteoblasts [58]

- Prostate Stromal Cells [120]

- Fibroblasts [120]

- Proliferation [58, 128]

- Cell Cycle Analysis [120]

- Metabolic Activity [88, 128]

- Viability [88, 120]

- Chemoresistance [128, 176]

  1. Abbreviations: 5-FU 5-Fluorouracil, ECM Extra-Cellular Matrix, EGF Epidermal Growth Factor, EVs Extracellular Vesicles, FGF-2 Fibroblast Growth Factor-2, MSCs Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells, NPCs Non-Parenchymal Cells