Fig. 1

The Young’s Modulus of the control (blue) and irradiated (red) cartilage (adapted from Lindburg 2012) [22]. The modulus was calculated from the atomic force microscopy indentation of cartilage from mice 7 days after 2Gy of X-ray exposure or 2 days after 3Gy of proton exposure. The Young’s Moduli for the irradiated samples were significantly lower the non-irradiated controls