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Table 1 List of ncAAs discussed in the review and their methods of incorporation

From: Non-canonical amino acid labeling in proteomics and biotechnology

ncAA

Codon replacement

Natural amino acid analog

Genetic modification

Labeling method

Hag

AUG

Met

Not neededa

Residue-specific [50,51,52]

Hpg

AUG

Met

Not neededa

Residue-specific [22, 50, 51, 73]

Aha

AUG

Met

Not neededa

Residue-specific [3, 22, 75, 84,85,86,87]

Anl

AUG

Met

Transgenic lines that express a MetRS mutant capable of charging Anlb

Residue-specific [53, 54, 78, 88,89,90, 92,93,94,95]

Azf

UUC, UUU

UAG

Phe

Transgenic lines that express a PheRS mutant capable of charging Azfb

Transgenic lines that express an orthogonal aaRS/amber suppressor tRNA pair evolved for Azf specificity

Residue-specific [55]

Site-specific [118]

Acf

UUC, UUU

UAG

Phe

Transgenic lines that express a PheRS mutant capable of charging Acfb

Transgenic lines that express an orthogonal aaRS/amber suppressor tRNA pair evolved for Acf specificity

Residue-specific [136]

Site-specific [111]

Pxf

UAG

Tyr

Transgenic lines that express an orthogonal aaRS/amber suppressor tRNA pair evolved for Pxf specificity

Site-specific [124]

  1. aThe efficiency of the ncAA incorporation is greatly enhanced by using Met auxotrophic strains
  2. bFor cell selective labeling, the mutant aaRS is expressed under the control of cell-specific promoters