Fig. 3From: Three-dimensional cell culture can be regulated by vibration: low-frequency vibration increases the size of olfactory ensheathing cell spheroidsEffects of vibration on OEC migration. a-f): Representative images of spheroids 24 and 72 h after commencement of migration assay on a two-dimensional culture plate. a Control 24 h migration assay, spheroid completely dissociated. b Control 72 h migration assay, spheroid completely dissociated. c 20 Hz 24 h migration assay, spheroid completely dissociated. d 20 Hz 72 h migration assay, spheroid completely dissociated. e 60 Hz 24 h migration assay, spheroid not dissociated. f 60 Hz 72 h migration assay, spheroid partially dissociated. g 80 Hz 24 h migration assay, spheroid not dissociated. h 80 Hz 72 h migration assay, spheroid partially dissociated. i Bar graphs show the area occupied by migrating OECs at 24 h and 72 h for tested frequencies and control (no vibration), (n = 10 spheroids per condition, 3 repeats). Large horizontal bar indicates comparison between 60 Hz 72 h data and control 72 h data. Small horizontal bars indicate comparisons between 72 h and 24 h data for each test condition. ** = p < 0.01, *** = p < 0.001. Data presented is mean ± SEM (One-Way ANOVA with Tukey’s Multiple Comparisons test). Scale bars = 200 μmBack to article page