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Fig. 3 | Journal of Biological Engineering

Fig. 3

From: Cardiac tissue engineering: state-of-the-art methods and outlook

Fig. 3

Fabrication and characterization of PLCL/FDM. a Illustration represents the fabrication process of PLCL/FDM. b Random and aligned orientations of PLCL fibers. Scale bar of SEM images is 10 μm. c Fibrillary ECM components in FDM were stained against FN and collagen type I. The direction of PLCL fiber alignment is shown by double headed arrows. Scale bar is 50 μm. d ATR-FTIR spectra of FDM with C=O at 1753 cm− 1 from PLCL and amide group at 1645 cm− 1 from FDM. e AFM images for surface topographical features of PLCL and PLCL/FDM; color scale shows their surface roughness and difference in height. f Quantitative comparison of root mean square (RMS) roughness calculated from AFM images. Statistical significance (***p < 0.001). The reproduced image is permitted from [45]

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