Fig. 3

Whole transcriptome analysis of primary human nasal epithelial cells exposed to UPM. a Heat map and b volcano plot of all genes are shown. Those with a p-value < 0.05 and a fold-change (FC) of 2 or more are highlighted. c The number of genes with a p-value < 0.05 and a FC of 2 or more is shown in the bar graph. The top 20 putative marker genes were analyzed in d a heatmap and e volcano plot. The red dots on the volcano plot are selected genes by DEG analysis. The heatmap and volcano plots of the genes related to f and g inflammation and h and i adhesion; n = 4