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Table 1 Composite natural polymer

From: Advances in the application of gold nanoparticles in bone tissue engineering

Composite material

Cells used

Enhanced performance

References

GG

SaOS-2

Cell compatibility and osteogenesis; preventing GNPs from aggregation

[93]

type II collagen

Chondrocyte

Appropriate characteristic size, larger modulus and greater antioxidant activity; promoting proliferation

[94]

Gel

ADSCs

Proliferation, differentiation and ALP activity, cell growth, contributing to bone, injectability

[95, 96]

chitosan, κ-carrageenan,

MG-63

Conductivity and injectability

[97]

CS / Pec

MC3T3-E1

Thermosensitivity; appropriate aperture; high cell compatibility

[98]

SF

osteoblastic cells

Antibacterial property; bone conductivity

[99]

HA/Gtn

osteoblastic cells

3D printing; dynamic crosslinking agent

[100]

hBD3

hPDLCs

Osteogenic differentiation

[101]

CPC

hDPSCs

Better wetting; greater protein adsorption, and improving cell adhesion and spreading

[102]

hydroxyapatite (HAp) ,Ag

MG-63

Antibacterial; non-toxic; inducing bio-mineralization

[103,104,105]

HA/Graphene

osteoblastic cells

Catalyst; excellent 3D structure; bone conductivity

[106, 107]