From: Application of fibrin-based hydrogels for nerve protection and regeneration after spinal cord injury
Composite material | Fabrication methodology | Architecture | Enhanced performance | Achievements | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alginate | 3D bioprinting | Hollow gel tube-like structure, the inner layer of alginate, and the outer layer of fibrin | Long-term cell viability | Construction of artificial arteries and veins | [36] |
Biocompatibility | |||||
Cell adhesion | |||||
Chitosan | Mix | Fibrin hydrogels embedded with Sonic hedgehog (SHH)-loaded chitosan | Delay the release of SHH, | Promote spinal cord regeneration | [37] |
Nerve regeneration | |||||
Recovery of motor function, | |||||
Reduce tissue cavities | |||||
Collagen | Fill conduits with fibrin hydrogels | Collagen conduits filled with fibrin hydrogels | The intensity of scaffold, | Nerve conduits for peripheral nerve regeneration | [38] |
Culture autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) | Expression of protein GAP-43 | ||||
Axon regeneration | |||||
Fibronectin | Mix | Injectable forms of fibrin and fibronectin hydrogels | Integrate with damaged spinal cord tissue, | Injectable materials to fill cavities in the spinal cord | [39] |
Axon growth | |||||
Gelatin | Mix | Bone matrix gelatin mixed fibrin acts as a cell culture substrate | Biocompatibility | As a scaffold in cartilage tissue engineering | [40] |
Production of collagen II and aggrecan | |||||
Hyaluronic acid | 3D bioprinting | Core-shell structure, Neuronal cells and Schwann cells are respectively located in the core and shell | Neurogenesis, | Biomimetic nerve fibers with a bionic tubular myelin sheath | [41] |
Myelin maturation, | |||||
Coexistence of Schwann cells and neurons | |||||
Albumin | Mix | Albumin fibrin hydrogels embedded in the ferromagnetic fiber network | Extracellular matrix deposition | Scaffold for bone tissue engineering | [42] |
Vascularisation |