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Table 1 Fibrin combined with natural polymers as a scaffold in tissue engineering

From: Application of fibrin-based hydrogels for nerve protection and regeneration after spinal cord injury

Composite material

Fabrication methodology

Architecture

Enhanced performance

Achievements

References

Alginate

3D bioprinting

Hollow gel tube-like structure, the inner layer of alginate, and the outer layer of fibrin

Long-term cell viability

Construction of artificial arteries and veins

[36]

Biocompatibility

Cell adhesion

Chitosan

Mix

Fibrin hydrogels embedded with Sonic hedgehog (SHH)-loaded chitosan

Delay the release of SHH,

Promote spinal cord regeneration

[37]

Nerve regeneration

Recovery of motor function,

Reduce tissue cavities

Collagen

Fill conduits with fibrin hydrogels

Collagen conduits filled with fibrin hydrogels

The intensity of scaffold,

Nerve conduits for peripheral nerve regeneration

[38]

Culture autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs)

Expression of protein GAP-43

Axon regeneration

Fibronectin

Mix

Injectable forms of fibrin and fibronectin hydrogels

Integrate with damaged spinal cord tissue,

Injectable materials to fill cavities in the spinal cord

[39]

Axon growth

Gelatin

Mix

Bone matrix gelatin mixed fibrin acts as a cell culture substrate

Biocompatibility

As a scaffold in cartilage tissue engineering

[40]

Production of collagen II and aggrecan

Hyaluronic acid

3D bioprinting

Core-shell structure, Neuronal cells and Schwann cells are respectively located in the core and shell

Neurogenesis,

Biomimetic nerve fibers with a bionic tubular myelin sheath

[41]

Myelin maturation,

Coexistence of Schwann cells and neurons

Albumin

Mix

Albumin fibrin hydrogels embedded in the ferromagnetic fiber network

Extracellular matrix deposition

Scaffold for bone tissue engineering

[42]

Vascularisation