From: Signature mRNA markers in extracellular vesicles for the accurate diagnosis of colorectal cancer
No. | Biomarker | Function |
---|---|---|
1 | MYC | • Transcription factor involved in genesis and progression of cancers |
2 | FZD10 | • Transmembrane protein acting as a receptor for the Wingless type MMTV integration site • Upregulated in primary colon cancers |
3 | EGFR | • Tyrosine kinase receptor that regulates cell growth, differentiation, and angiogenesis |
4 | VEGF | • Angiogenic factor in CRC • Increased level correlated with advanced lymph node status and distant metastasis |
5 | CDX2 | • Caudal-related homeobox gene that controls cell functions such as adhesion, proliferation, and apoptosis |
6 | CD44 | • Transmembrane glycoprotein that regulates cell adhesion, proliferation, growth, migration, angiogenesis, and differentiation |
7 | CD133 | • Transmembrane glycoprotein identified in colon tumors • High expression associated with distant metastasis, and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy |
8 | CEA | • Expressed in most cancers • Involved in tumorigenesis by enhancing tumor cell survival and inducing tumor angiogenesis |
9 | CK19 | • Expressed at various levels in epithelial cells • Metastatic once circulated in blood |
10 | ALDH1 | • Important role in early differentiation of cancer stem cells and their proliferation and metastasis |
11 | EpCAM | • Highly expressed on proliferative, intestinal epithelial cells • Loss is generally associated with a tumor-promoting role |
12 | CD24 | • GPI-anchored membrane protein involved in development and progression of malignant tumors, including CRC |