Fig. 5

The exploration of mechanistic effects of SOD administration. Mitochondrial morphology of a NT, b 1000 mM MSG, and c 1000 mM MSG with 0.1 mg SOD applied at t = 0 h slices. Slices were stained with MitoTracker Deep Red FM (red) and DAPI (blue). Scale bar is 1 μm. d Concentration of 8-OHdG in DNA extracted from NT, 100 mM MSG, and 100 mM MSG + 0.1 mg SOD/slice conditions at 6 h as determined by 8-OHdG ELISA kit (n = 3; mean ± SEM). e Antioxidant enzyme mRNA fold-change expression at 6 h for NT, 100 mM MSG, and 100 mM MSG + 0.1 mg SOD/slice (n = 3–6; mean ± SEM)