Table 2 Violacein’s antibiotic activity against microorganisms

 Bacillus anthracis

Anthrax

[3]

 Bacillus cereus

[39]

 Bacillus licheniformis

[40]

 Bacillus megaterium

Plant pathogen

[3, 40]

 Bacillus mesentericus

Potential probiotics

[3]

 Bacillus subtilis

Common soil bacteria

[3, 40]

 Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Diphtheria

[3]

 Neisseria meningitidis

Meningococcal disease

[3]

 Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Human pathogen

[40, 41]

 Staphylococcus aureus

Human pathogen

[3, 39,40,41]

 Staphylococcus epidermidis

[3, 39]

 Staphylococcus haemolyticus

Human pathogen

[3]

 Streptococcus pneumoniae

Pneumonia

[3]

 Viridans streptococci

[3]

 Aspergillus flavus

[42]

 Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis

Amphibian chytrid fungus

[18, 28, 43, 44]

 Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans

Amphibian chytrid fungus

[28, 44]

 Bipolaris leersia

[45]

 Botrytis cinerea

Plant pathogen

[45,46,47]

 Candida albicans

Yeast

[42]

 Candida tropicalis

Yeast

[42]

 Colletotrichum acutatum

Plant pathogen

[47]

 Colletotrichum dematium

Plant pathogen

[45]

 Colletotrichum glycines

Plant pathogen

[46]

 Colletotrichum orbiculare

Plant pathogen, Affected by deoxyviolacein

[46]

 Cryptococcus gastricus

[42]

 Diaporthe nomurai

[45]

 Fusarium lateritium

Plant pathogen

[45]

 Fusarium oxysporum

Plant pathogen

[42, 46]

 Fusarium solani

Plant pathogen

[45]

 Gibberella zeae

Plant pathogen, Affected by deoxyviolacein

[46]

 Magnaporthe grisea

Plant pathogen, Affected by deoxyviolacein

[46]

 Penicillium expansum

Plant pathogen

[42]

 Phytophthora capsici

Plant pathogen

[46]

 Rhizoctonia solani

Plant pathogen, Affected by deoxyviolacein

[42, 46]

 Rosellinia necatrix

Plant pathogen

[45]

 Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Yeast

[3]

 Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Plant pathogen

[46]

 Trichophyton rubrum

Athlete's foot fungus

[42]

 Ustilaginoidea oryzae

[46]

 Verticillium dahliae

Plant pathogen

[46]

 HSV-1

Herpes

[48]

 Poliovirus type 2

Poliomyelitis

[48]

 Simian rotavirus SA11

Rotavirus

[48]

 Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

Pine wilt nematode

[49]

 Caenorhabditis elegans

[50, 51]

 Acanthamoeba castellanii

Amoeba

[6]

 Leishmania amazonensis

Leishmaniasis parasite

[52]

 Plasmodium chabaudi

Malaria

[53]

 Plasmodium falciparum

Malaria

[53, 54]

 Rhynchomonas nasuta

[6]

 Tetrahymena sp.

[6]

 Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

Human parasite

[55]

 Trypanosoma cruzi

Human parasite

[54]

 Drosophila melanogaster

Fruit flies

[56]

 Spodoptera litura

Plant pest insects

[57]