Fig. 1

Fabrication and characteristics of the topographically defined PCL-based scaffold. a Schematic of the fabrication methodology used to generate the radial topography PCL scaffold using lithography technology. b FE-SEM images of the flat, aligned, and radial topography surfaces of the PCL scaffolds. c Images of the mechanical properties test of the three types of PCL-based scaffold. d Strain-stress curves and adhesion force curves of the three types of PCL-based scaffold. e Quantitative analysis of tensile stress, strain, Young’s modulus, normal adhesion force, and shear adhesion force of the three types of PCL-based scaffold (N = 10)