Fig. 2

Effect of topographically defined surfaces on cellular behavior. a Schematic of the effect of radial topography on cell morphology, proliferation, and differentiation. b Immunofluorescence image at the multi-cell and single-cell levels of phalloidin (red)-stained osteoblast-like cells cultured on the three types of PCL-based scaffold. c Quantitative analysis of the cell body (N = 30). d-e Quantitative analysis of cell attachment and proliferation on the three types of PCL-based scaffold (N = 6). f Quantitative analysis of alkaline phosphatase staining of osteoblast-like cells during osteogenesis induction on the three types of PCL-based scaffold (N = 6). g Mineralization (ARS) staining of osteoblasts during osteogenesis on the three types of PCL-based scaffold (N = 6)