Table 1 Advantages and Disadvantages of physical decellularization
From: Application of decellularized bone matrix as a bioscaffold in bone tissue engineering
Technique | Mechanism | Advantages | Disadvantages | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Physical decellularizationl | Freeze-thawing | Temperatures change alternately between − 80 °C and 37 °C. Liquid nitrogen creates ice crystals in the cell membran and destroys the cells. | No need for chemical reagents keeping the mechanical properties | Incomplete decellularization | [60] |
Supercritical carbondioxide (SC- CO2) | At a pressure of 30 MPa and a temperature of 50 °C, cells and genetic material are removed from the bone tissue. | High biocompatible No need for terminal sterilization Preservation of ECM construction Perfect decellularization Fast Nontoxic | No disadvantages have been reported for this method. | [61] | |
High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) | Disrupts cell membrane through high hydrostatic pressure | High biocompatible No need for terminal sterilization Preservation of ECM construction Perfect decellularization Fast | No disadvantages have been reported for this method. | [62] | |