Table 2 Advantages and Disadvantages of chemical decellularization
From: Application of decellularized bone matrix as a bioscaffold in bone tissue engineering
Technique | Mechanism | Advantages | Disadvantages | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
chemical decellularizationl | Ionic Detergent | SDS eliminate nuclei, DNA and breaks up protein-protein bonds. Sodium deoxycholate dissolves nuclear and cytoplasmic membrane. | Highly effective | Damages ECM structure and GAG Reduces growth factors | [66] |
Non-ionic Detergents | Triton x-100 dissolves proteins. It destroys cell membrane and cell lipids. Triton x-100 breaks down lipid-lipid, lipid-protein and protein-DNA bonds. | Biodegradable Perfect detergent | Damages collagen and GAGs | [66] | |
Acids Bases | break down nucleic acids, and hydrolyze cytoplasmic components Solubilize cell membrane and cytoplasmic components | No advantages have been reported for this method | Acids damage ECM structure and reduce GAGs Bases significantly reduce GAGs and reduce the mechanical properties of ECM. | [60] | |
Chelating Agent | EDTA binds to metal and causes cell separation. | No advantages have been reported for this method. | Prolonged use of EDTA reduces the mechanical properties of the scaffold | [67] | |