Therapeutic angiogenesis and tissue revascularization in ischemic vascular disease

Table 2 A summary of growth factor-based therapeutic clinical trials in IVD

First author	Phase year	Disease	Treatment	Subject(n) treatment/control	Findings	Ref
Stewart, Duncan J	Phase II 2008	CHD	Intramyocardial VEGF plasmid	48/45	No therapeutic effect	[37]
Richard J Powell	Phase II 2010	CLI	Intramuscular HGF plasmid	21/6	Improved ABI, no change in wound healing, major amputation, or death	[38]
Jill Belch	Phase III 2011	CLI	Intramuscular FGF plasmid	259/266	Failed to reduce amputation or death	[39]
Motoyuki Kumagai	Phase I/IIa 2016	CLI	Intramuscular FGF plasmid incorporated with gelatin hydrogel microspheres	10/0	Provided a safe and effective form of angiogenesis	[40]
Deev, R	Phase IIb/III 2018	CLI	Intramuscular VEGF165 plasmid	36/12	Improved ABI, TcPO₂ and PWD	[41]
Gu, Y	Phase II 2019	CLI	Intramuscular HGF plasmid	150/50	Completed pain relief and improved the healing of ulcers	[42]
Barć, P	Phase II 2021	CLI	Intramuscular pIRES/VEGF165/HGF	14/14	Increased ABI and vascularization, decreased rest pain	[43]

ABI Ankle brachial index, CHD Coronary heart disease, CLI Critical limb ischemia, FGF Fibroblast growth factor, HGF Hepatocyte growth factor, IVD Ischemic vascular disease, pIRES Plasmid internal ribosome entry site, PWD Pain-free walking distance, TcPO2 Transcutaneous oxygen pressure

ISSN: 1754-1611