Table 3 Some in vitro studies in the field of BCBM
From: Breast cancer brain metastasis: from etiology to state-of-the-art modeling
Model | Polymer / cell | Outcome | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|
BBB model | GelMA/ endothelial and astrocyte cell | The BCCs can migrate across the BBB model, Cisplatin (as a chemotherapy agent) prevented cancer cells migration across the BBB model, this model was a suitable tool for chemotherapy drugs screening | [233] |
BBB model | brain-like endothelial cells and brain pericytes | The model has the high barrier properties, the integrity of the BBB is affected by serum of patients with cerebral metastases | [242] |
CD34 + cells differentiation from human umbilical cord blood and Pericyte/ Bovine Brain Capillary endothelial cells and Rat glial cells/ Mouse brain capillary endothelial cells and Mouse glial cells | Only model formed by human stem cells has BBB properties and measurable cell-interaction capacities | [243] | |
BBB and BTB brain metastases model | human umbilical vein endothelial cells, CTX-TNA2 rat brain astrocytes, and Met-1 metastatic HER2 + murine BCCs/ microfluidic chips | small and not efficacious amount of trastuzumab can cross the model, useful for detection and management of brain metastases | [244] |
BCBM model | hyaluronic acid | brain metastatic BCCs has a dormant phenotype on soft hydrogel and proliferative phenotype on stiff hydrogel, stiffness-based dormancy was reversible | [149] |
BCBM model | hyaluronic acid | Hydrogel stiffness has a direct effect on cancer cells proliferation, adhesion, and migration, focal adhesion kinase-phosphoinositide-3 kinase pathway mediated stiffness-based cell responses | [154] |
BCBM model | PEG-maleimide | This model is useful for study the interactions between cancer cells and healthy cells, brain tissue stiffness has not a significant difference across species | [157] |
BCBM model | patient-derived primary or brain metastasis cancer cells (organoids) | CAF promote cancer cells migration, blocking CXCL12 and CXCL16 is useful for preventing BCBM | [146] |
BCBM model | MDA-361 cell line | MDA-361 spheroid has a faster growth rate compared to monolayer culture, tight, highly reproducible 3D spheroids | [134] |