Table 1 Commonly active agents loaded in wound dressings and characteristics

Ag NPs

Antibacterial properties, low toxicity, modulate anti-inflammatory, cytokine release reduced penetration into the skin.

[12, 13]

Au NPs

Antibacterial properties, low toxicity, stimulated angiogenesis and fibroblast proliferation.

[14, 15]

ZnO NPs

Antibacterial properties, low toxicity, formation of hemostatic blood clots.

[16]

Flivasorb

Absorb the exudate and retain it firmly within the dressing.

[17]

Chitosan

High bioavailability and low toxicity, antibacterial properties.

[18]

Nanocellulose

High surface area per unit, increased biocompatibility, hydrophilicity and nontoxicity, damp environment

[19]

Gelatin

Biodegradable, highly biocompatible, non-immunogenic.

[20]