Table 4 In vitro biocompatibility

Ti₃C₂Tx

A549, MRC-5, A375, HaCaT cells

0-500 µg mL^− 1, 24 h

Concentration dependent cytotoxicity.

Toxic effects were higher against

cancerous cells in comparison to

normal ones.

[50]

Ti2NTx

MCF-7, A365, MCF-10 A, HaCaT cells

62.5–500 µg mL^− 1

,24 h

Higher toxicity to cancer cell lines than normal cell lines

[65]

Ti₃C₂Tx

Human umbilical vein dothelial cells

(HUVECs)

100 and

500 µgmL^− 1,48 h

No obvious acute cytotoxicity.

[68]

Ti₃C₂Tx

neural stem cells

(NSCs) and

NSCs-derived

differentiated cells

12.5–100 µg mL^− 1,

24 h

At 25 µg mL^− 1, Ti3C2Tx nanosheets

caused significant cytotoxicity to

NSCs.

[66]

Ti₃C₂Tx

human mesenchymal

stem cells (hMSCs)

0-100 µg mL^− 1,

7 days

> 50 µg mL^− 1, obvious cytotoxicity

was shown

[67]

Nb2CTx

Breast 4T1, glioma U87 cancer cel

0–200 µg mL^− 1, 24 h

200µgmL^− 1, no significant cytotoiccity,

exposed to NIR, cancer cells were inhibited

[27]