Table 5 In vitro biocompatibility

Ti₃C₂Tx

Zebrafish embryos

25–200 µg mL^− 1

At the concentration of 50 µg mL^− 1,

no acutoxicity or

neurotoxicity was observed.

[69]

Ti₃C₂Tx

Chicken embryos

30 µg per embryo,5 days incubation

Potential toxicity on the early stage of embryogenesis; down regulation of several controller genes of cell proliferation, survival, cell death and angiogenesis;

inhibition of blood vessel development.

[70]

Ti₃C₂Tx

rats

-

No obvious inflammatory and toxic side effects

[71]

Ti₃C₂Tx

rats

-

excellent in vivo biosafety without damaging the main organs

[72]

Ti₃C₂Tx

ICR mice

20 mg kg^− 1

Ti3C2Tx nanosheets could accumulate in the liver and lungs.

Those in the lung might influence respiratory function

[73]

Nb2CTx

Kunming mice

20 mg kg^− 1

No significant inflammation was caused. No significant histological abnormalities were found.

[27]