Table 1 Decision making parameters confirming the existence of VHD for most effective non-invasive investigations. ST = stress testing, CT = computer tomography, ECHO = Echocardiography, EROR = Effective Regurgitant Orifice Area (in mm2); RV = Regurgitant Volume (in ml/beat); MVPG = Mean Valve Pressure Gradient (in mm of Hg)
From: Quest for cardiovascular interventions: precise modeling and 3D printing of heart valves
Intervention | AR | AS | PMR | SMR | MS | TR | TS | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ST | Change in ejection fraction and stroke volume | MVPG > = 18 | Quantitative methods for LV dysfunction | Quantitative methods for LV dysfunction | MVPG > = 10 | – | MVPG > = 5 | [60] |
CT | Valve cusp characteristic | Degree of valve calcification and diminished aortic valve area | Thickened leaflet > 5 mm | – | Degree of valve calcification | – | – | [61] |
ECHO | EROR > = 30; RV > =60 | Degree of valve calcification | EROR > = 40; RV > =60 | EROR > = 20; RV > =30 | Valve area using planimetry | EROR > = 40; RV > =45 | MVPG > = 5 |