Table 3 Bio-ink and cell types to be used in 3D bioprinting of heart valve
From: Quest for cardiovascular interventions: precise modeling and 3D printing of heart valves
Bio-ink for 3D bioprinting | Hydrogel | Natural polymers like, agar, gelatin, collagen, cellulose, fibrinogen, hyaluronic acid, or from synthetic polymers such as polyacrylamide, alginate,polyurethane, poly-ethylene-glycol or synthetic-natural mixtures like gelatin methacrylamide (GelMa), Matrigel and mixed Pluronic and calcium phosphate cell-laden hydrogels, two component DNA hydrogel ink system, poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide lactate) A-blocks partially functionalized with methacrylate groups, and poly (ethylene glycol) B-blocks, Methacrylated hyaluronic acid (MeHA) macromers were either modified with adamantine (Ad-MeHA) or β-cyclodextrin (CD-MeHA), nanocellulose-based bioink like Nano-fibrillated cellulose (NFC) + alginate, | |
Ceramic hydrogel composite | poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and alginate combined with bioactive glass and dexamethasone, hyaluronic acid combined with UV-curable glycidyl methacrylate, metal powders mixed with polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) in DCM, PVA and phytagel (1:1), Nano-fibrillated cellulose (NFC) + Hydroxyapatite (HA) | ||
Cell used in heart valve tissue engineering | Animal source | Cells | Mesenchymal stem cell, Valvular interstitial cell, Valvular endothelial cell, Endothelial progenitor cell, Endothelial cell, Bone marrow progenitor cell, Autologous amniotic fluid cell, Smooth muscle cell, Myofibroblast |
Tissue/animal | Bone marrow/bovine, Aortic valve/porcine, Aortic valve/bovine, Peripheral blood/sheep, Carotid artery/lamb, Bone marrow/lamb, Amniotic fluid/sheep, Aortic root sinus/porcine, Aortic wall/porcine | ||
Human source | Cells | Mesenchymal stem cell, Endothelial progenitor cell, Valvular interstitial cell, Induced pluripotent stem cell | |
Tissue | Bone marrow, Adipose tissue, Umbilical cord matrix, Umbilical cord blood, Amniotic fluid, Chorionic villi, Amniotic fluid, Peripheral blood, Umbilical cord blood, Aortic valve, Skin fibroblasts | ||