Fig. 5

Air pollutant effects on human respiratory mucosa using in vitro respiratory mucosa-on-a-chip When UPM (100 μg/ml) was treated to the epithelial layer, the expression of epithelial junction proteins was examined a in epithelial layer by real-time PCR; ZO-1, occludin and b in epithelial cells by immunofluorescence; ZO-1. c The mRNA expression of ZO-1, ICAM-1 treated with UPM or TNF-α in HUVEC was compared using human respiratory mucosa-on-a-chip. d ZO-1 was detected in HUVEC by immunofluorescence. e HUVEC was treated with TNF-a or UPM, and ZO-1 and VE-cadherin were compared by immunofluorescence. The results presented in the graph were from three independent experiments; the error bars indicate mean ± SED. *P < 0.05