Pathophysiology of mesangial expansion in diabetic nephropathy: mesangial structure, glomerular biomechanics, and biochemical signaling and regulation

Table 1 Markers and mediators of different mesangial cell phenotypes. MC: mesangial cell, FCS: fetal calf serum, TGF- β: transforming growth factor β, PDGF- β: platelet derived growth factor β, Coll: collagen. Note: there is disagreement in the literature regarding the expression level of α-sma by differerent mesangial cell phenotypes; here, we show that through two rows in the table for the corresponding expression levels

Attribute	Quiescent MC	Activated MC	Hypertrophied MC	Sources
Proliferation rate	Low	High	Low	[14, 15, 17]
Cell shape	Stellate	Elongated	Polygonal	[18]
α-sma expression	None	Low	High	[18, 19]
α-sma expression	None	High	-	[16, 17]
Key mediators	-	Presence of FCS, PDGF- β	TGF- β, Absence of FCS	[18, 19]
Associated matrix proteins	Coll IV	Coll I, Fibronectin	Coll IV	[19]

ISSN: 1754-1611