Fig. 4From: Development of a universal, oriented antibody immobilization method to functionalize vascular prostheses for enhanced endothelialization for potential clinical applicationXPS analysis results. As shown in panel a, cobalt and chromium were not detectable on the coated disc surface, indicating confluent coverage by the coating. Panel b shows the result of coated grafts: carbon and fluorine account for > 99% of chemical elements in bare ePTFE grafts; and coating significantly reduced fluorine percentage. The residual fluorine in the coated ePTFE graft detected by XPS (panel b) is likely from internodal spaces where insufficient coating may occur. Co: cobalt; Cr: chromium; F: fluorine; C: carbon; O: oxygen; and N: nitrogenBack to article page