Fig. 2

The structure and operation of the gradient chip. a An image of the gradient chip with the narrow port structure. Scale bar is 10 mm. b Injection of GC-1 cell suspension through the outlet port. In the static state, the floating cells go down and are attached to the channel bottom. c The generation of extremely slow flow using the osmotic pump. Each inlet reservoir is filled with the BPA solution and culture media, and then the gradient of BPA concentration is formed in the microfluidic channel