Fig. 4

A A 3D-finite element (FE) model was constructed to simulate a 4 cm tibia defect in sheep. The model incorporated the use of a locking compression plate (LCP) for stabilization, along with a Ti-mesh scaffold for augmentation. B A 3D-FE model was constructed to simulate a 4 cm tibia defect in sheep. The model incorporated a custom-designed shielding plate, made of half-shell steel, to provide stabilization. Additionally, a titanium mesh scaffold was utilized to augment the defect. C Honeycomb scaffolds are constructed using titanium struts of uniform length (7 mm) but varying diameters (1.6 and 1.2 mm). The scaffolds are comprised of a cylindrical structure (4 cm in length and 2 cm in diameter) accompanied by a hole that traverses the medullary canal with a diameter of 1 cm. D The maximum principal strains observed in the stiff and soft scaffolds were stabilized using LCP at top. The maximum principal strains observed in the stiff and soft scaffolds were stabilized using a shielding plate at the bottom [106]