Fig. 5

Debinding, sintering, infiltrating, and leaching are the steps involved in 3D printing a NaCl)-based paste onto a porous Mg alloy scaffold. a The paste’s chemical composition, including the surfactants SDS and AOT. To facilitate direct ink writing (DIW) printing, sulfonated surfactants are used to fine-tune the interactions among the NaCl granules in the paraffin oil. b DIW can 3D print the optimized NaCl paste. In order to infiltrate Mg melt into the printed green body, first the paraffin oil must be removed, and then the body must be calcined and sintered to produce a pure NaCl template. The Mg scaffold takes on the salt template’s structural porosity once the NaCl is leached away. c Macrophotographs of finished structures, depicting each stage of the procedure shown in (b) [136]