Table 2 Overview of some solutions implemented to overcome or reduce the challenges faced by organ-on-chip technology
From: Cancer-on-chip: a 3D model for the study of the tumor microenvironment
Model | Challenges | Solution | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
In vitro tumor microenvironment | Complex system Lower throughput Low technical robustness PDMS nonspecific absorption | Injection molded plastic array 3D culture platform for the formation of vascularized tumor spheroids in one step | [213] |
Brain metastatic microenvironment due to non‐small cell lung carcinoma | Use of cell lines | Use of patient-derived cells to reproduce the brain metastatic microenvironment | [154] |
Human tissue barriers | PDMS material | Implementation of inert and optically clear borosilicate glass for chip production using PDMS just as a sealing agent | [214] |
Translational organ-on-chip platform | Complex system Lack of standards | Implementation of a fluidic circuit board which enables microfluidic control of multiple components like sensors or organ-on-chip devices through an interface based on openly available standards | [215] |
Monitoring of cell metabolic activity | Low throughput Lack of standards Low technical robustness | The measure of oxygen consumption rates and drug-induced metabolic shifts in an array of microfluidic devices contained within an oxygen sensor-integrated microfluidic culture plate in a microtiter plate format and industry-standard footprint | [216] |