Table 1 Light-regulated secondary metabolites and regulators involved
Secondary metabolite | Fungus | Light regulation | Light regulators involved | Applications | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alternariol | Alternaria alternata | Light induction | White-collar 1 (WC-1) gene (lreA) | Evaluation and monitoring in food safety and toxicology studies | [49] |
Altertoxin | Alternaria alternata | Light repression | White-collar 1 (WC-1) gene (lreA) | Ealuation and monitoring in food safety and toxicology studies | [49] |
β-carotene | Phycomyces blakesleeanus, Mucor circinelloides and Pilobolus crystallinus | Light induction | Enzymes phytoene desaturase (carB), and the bifunctional phytoene synthase/carotene cyclase (carRA in Phycomyces, carRP in Mucor) | Providing color, increasing nutritional value, and acting as an antioxidant and photoprotectant | [29] |
α-tomatine | Fusarium oxysporum | Light induction | Photolyase gene (phr1) | Plant protection and medical research | [23] |
Lycopersici | Fusarium oxysporum | Light induction | Photolyase gene (phr1) | Tomato farming industry | [23] |
Carotenoid | Fusarium fujikuroi | Light induction | Regulatory gene carS | Providing color, increasing nutritional value, and acting as an antioxidant and photoprotectant | [25] |
Phycomyces blakesleeanus | Light induction | Light-sensing MadA-MadB complex | [26] | ||
Neurospora crassa | Light induction | Regulatory protein VE-1, White Collar protein WcoA | [50] | ||
Rhodotorula mucilaginosa | 1700 lx | No data | [22] | ||
Sordaria fimicola | Light induction | White collar-1 photoreceptor (SfWC-1) | [51] | ||
Fumonisin B1 | Fusarium proliferatum | green (∼530 nm); yellow (∼590 nm); red (∼627 nm); and blue (∼470 nm) | No data | Evaluation and monitoring in food safety and toxicology research | [26] |
Fusarin | Fusarium fujikuroiis | Light repression | White Collar protein WcoA | Evaluation and monitoring in food safety and toxicology research | [27] |
Sterigmatocystin | Aspergillus nidulans | Light repression | Regulator VeA1 | Evaluation and monitoring in food safety and toxicology studies | [52] |
Paracelsin A, paracelsin B and trichodimerol | Trichoderma reesei | Light induction | Transcription factor SUB1 | Plant protection | [28] |