Table 1 An overview of significant studies investigating the potential impact of AA on wound healing
Agents | Wound healing Model | Molecular mechanisms | Result | Year | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ascorbic acid, Epigallocatechin gallate, gelatin and chitosan nanoparticles (EV NPS) | In vivo: diabetic mice model | Increased collagen production | Promote wound healing: increasing collagen and angiogenesis, decreasing the inflammatory cells infiltration | 2020 | [46] |
Ascorbic acid, Glycinamide | In Vitro: human dermal fibroblasts | 1- AA increased the mRNA level of procollagen COL1A1 and COL3A1 and the protein level of collagen I 2- Glycinamide increased the protein levels of collagen I and III | The combination of AA and glycinamide: increasing collagen production and wound closure | 2022 | [31] |
Ascorbic acid | In vivo: rat pulpotomy model | Increases the expression of SVCT2 and GLUT1 in odontoblasts (acts as AA transporter) | Role in differentiation of odontoblast-like cell and anti-inflammatory response during dental pulp wound healing | 2023 | [47] |
Ascorbic acid | In Vitro: gingival fibroblast | Increases the expression of COL1, FN, IL-6, and bFGF (which are related to fibroblast wound healing activity) | Accelerating the migration of fibroblast cells | 2020 | [48] |
Ascorbic acid 2-glucoside (AA2G) | In Vitro: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MScs) | Regulating TET2 and increasing the expression of VEGF by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway | Increasing angiogenesis and enhancing the proliferation of BM-MSCs, as well as increasing the speed of wound healing | 2022 | [49] |
Ficoll and Carrageenan in combination with ascorbic acid | In Vitro: iPSCs | Ficoll + AA: Increased collagen deposition Carrageenan: No effect on the amount of collagen, increased deposition of glycosaminoglycan | Boosting collagen and/or GAG deposition and scale up matrix production | 2021 | [50] |
Ascorbic acid, Zinc-based nanoparticles | In Vitro | Antibacterial activity | Speed up wound Healing | 2022 | [51] |
Electro-spun nanofiber containing ascorbic acid and caffeine | In vivo: rat model with skin excision | Collagen deposition | In dressings containing caffeine compared to ascorbic acid: increase of blood vessels and fibroblasts | 2019 | [52] |