Research progress of biomimetic materials in oral medicine

Table 1 Dentin biomimetic mineralization materials

biomimetic inspiration	Biomimetic mineralization materials	category	Main findings	Reference
Inspired by collagen	PA	Active peptides	Self-assemble and induce HA to grow along the long axis of fiber structure	[78, 79]
	MDG1	Active peptides	Self-assemble and direct the production of HA	[80]
	MPP3	Active peptides	With two more stable peptides and two opposite charged residues, the mineralization rate is faster	[81, 82]
	P₁₁-4	Active peptides	Self-assemble and increase the hydrolytic resistance of type I collagen fibers with no cytotoxic effects to odontoblast-like cells	[83,84,85,86,87,88]
	ID-8	Active peptides	Induce intrafibrillar mineralization	[89]
Inspired by NCP	8DSS	Active peptides	Induce extrafibrillar mineralization	[90,91,92,93]
	SSD3	Active peptides	Induce intrafibrillar mineralization	[94]
	PASP	polyanions	Form apatite crystals in the re-mineralized liquid	[75]
	PAA	polyanions	Prevent ACPs from accumulating and mineralizing outside collagen fibers	[95, 96]
	PVPA	polyanions	Phosphorylate collagen fibers	[97, 98]
Inspired by collagen and NCP	PAMAM	Dendrimers	Self-assemble and induce both intrafibrillar mineralization and extrafibrillar mineralization	[99,100,101,102]
	PAMAM and NACP	Dendrimers	Have long-term remineralization capability	[103]
	PAMAM and MMP inhibitors	Dendrimers	Inhibit MMP and stabilize collagen	[104]

Abbreviations: PA peptide-amphiphile, MDG1 mineral directing gelator, MPP3 PGEKADRAEKADRA, P₁₁-4 CH₃CO-Gln-Gln-Arg-Phe-Glu-Trp-Glu-Phe-Glu-Gln-Gln-NH₂, ID-8 Ile-Asp-Ile-Asp-Ile-Asp-Ile-Asp, 8DSS eight aspartate-serine-serine, SSD3 three ser-ser-asp, PASP poly aspartic acid, PAA polyacrylic acid, PVPA polyvinyl phosphonic acid, PAMAM polyamidoamine, NACP nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate, MMP matrix metalloproteinases

ISSN: 1754-1611