Table 3 Calculated parameter for different isotherm models for the adsorption of crystal violet using zinc alginate/nanohydroxyapatite beads

Langmuir

q_m (mg g⁻¹)

0.982

K_L (L mg⁻¹)

0.26

R_L

0.07 – 0.60

R²

0.891

%ARE

15.80

Freundlich

N (mg g⁻¹) (L mg⁻¹)^1/n

2.25

K_F (mg g⁻¹)

0.23

R²

0.960

%ARE

14.62

Sips

q_m (mg g⁻¹)

1.74

n_s

1.42

K_s (mg L⁻¹) ^−1/n

0.13

R²

0.959

%ARE

10.02

D-R

q_m (mg g⁻¹)

1.25

β (mol² J⁻²)

4.57 × 10^-6

E (kJ mol⁻¹)

0.33

R²

0.892

%ARE

50.58

Temkin

A_T (L mg⁻¹)

2.89

b_T (kJ mol⁻¹)

12.11

R²

0.935

%ARE

13.69