Fig. 1
A schematic diagram of the well-integrated bilayer osteochondral scaffold is expected to guide stem cells' chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation and provide a promising solution for osteochondral tissue repair. The human adipose-derived stem cell (hADSCs) laden photocured hybrid biohydrogel comprised of hyaluronic acid methacryloyl (HAMA)/gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) (1/1) and 0.5% (w/v) acrylate-functionalized nano-silica (AFnSi) crosslinker, which provide a suitable environment for cartilage regeneration. a The concave-top disc structure of the subchondral scaffold with the denser intermediate layer and the well-open interpenetrating pore channels structure of the 3D-printed bioceramic scaffold is made using digital light processing (DLP) technology and the novel photocurable negative thermo-responsive (NTR) bioceramic slurry. b