Fig. 11

After 12 weeks of surgery, the gross examinations were inspected by optical photos, and the biological and chemical composition of bilayer osteochondral grafts were assessed. The glycosaminoglycan (GAG) distribution analysis using Safranin-O staining (a). The HE stating is hematoxylin staining the nuclei in blue-purple, while eosin staining stains the cytoplasm and extracellular matrix pink (b). Red dashed line box: the chondral layer defect area; Black dashed line box: the subchondral layer defect area; Blue delta showed osteocyte