Fig. 5

Enhanced RPE characteristics and barrier function using spheroid culture and Y-YR supplementation. A Morphological observation of RPE cells in the normal culture (NC) and spheroid culture (SC) group. Scale bar 250 μm. B, C, D Immunofluorescence staining and analysis of BEST, Melanoma and Ki67 in both groups. Scale bar 250 μm. E Transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) assay in both groups. F, G Photoreceptor outer segments (POS) phagocytosis test and analysis in both groups. Scale bar 10 μm. H Cell viability of RPE cells in both groups. Mean ± SD (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; n = 3 ~ 5)