Future developments in biosensors for field-ready Zika virus diagnostics

Table 2 ZIKV biosensors developed in 2016

Assay technique	Detection mode	Target	Sample matrix	Range of detection	Limit of detection	Sample volume	Assay time	Cost per assay	Ref.
Immunoassay	Impedimetry	NS1 (flaviviruses)	PBS Serum	10-2000 ng/mL 10-1000 ng/mL	3 ng/mL 30 ng/mL	40 μL	30 min	unspecified	[61]
Immunoassay	Capacitance	NS1 (flaviviruses)	PBS Serum	5-1000 ng/mL 5-1000 ng/mL	0.2 ng/mL 0.5 ng/mL	40 μL	30 min	unspecified	[61]
Immunoassay	Chemiluminescence	E protein (ZIKV)	PBS Urine, plasma	10-10⁵ PFU/mL 10-10⁴ PFU/mL	10 PFU/mL 10 PFU/mL	100 μL	~2 h	unspecified	[68]
LAMP	AC susceptometry	NS5 oligonucleotide (ZIKV)	Unspecified Serum	1-10³ aM 1-10⁴ aM	1 aM 1 aM	40 μL	<30 min	unspecified	[41]
NASBA-CRISPR	Colorimetry	RNA (ZIKV)	Serum	3 fM - 30 pM	1 fM	300 μL	~3 h	$0.10-$1	[39]
RT-LAMP	Colorimetry	E protein RNA (ZIKV)	Saliva	50-5 × 10⁴ PFU/mL	50-100 PFU/mL	65 μL	40 min	~$2	[40]
RT-SIBA	Fluorescence	RNA (ZIKV)	Lysis buffer	5 × 10³-5 × 10⁶ copies/mL	5000 copies/mL	2 μL	<30 min	unspecified	[42]

ISSN: 1754-1611